QR codes can survive 30% of their data being destroyed

QR codes use Reed–Solomon error correction, the same algorithm used in CDs and deep-space communications, which allows them to be read even if up to 30% of the pattern is obscured or damaged. This is why artists can embed logos inside QR codes and they still work. The same maths that lets Voyager transmit photos from 24 billion kilometres away powers the menu at your local café.

Source: ISO/IEC 18004:2015 — QR Code Bar Code Symbology Specification; Lin & Costello, 'Error Control Coding' (2004)